# 9. DMRG-SCF calculations¶

## 9.1. CheMPS2::DMRGSCFoptions¶

An instance of the CheMPS2::DMRGSCFoptions class is required to perform DMRG-SCF calculations. It allows to overwrite the default algorithmic choices.

CheMPS2::DMRGSCFoptions::DMRGSCFoptions()
void CheMPS2::DMRGSCFoptions::setDoDIIS( const bool DoDIIS_in=false )
void CheMPS2::DMRGSCFoptions::setNumDIISVecs( const int NumDIISVecs_in=7 )
void CheMPS2::DMRGSCFoptions::setStoreDIIS( const bool StoreDIIS_in=true )
void CheMPS2::DMRGSCFoptions::setDIISStorageName( const string DIISStorageName_in="CheMPS2_DIIS.h5" )
void CheMPS2::DMRGSCFoptions::setMaxIterations( const int MaxIterations_in=100 )
void CheMPS2::DMRGSCFoptions::setStoreUnitary( const bool StoreUnitary_in=true )
void CheMPS2::DMRGSCFoptions::setUnitaryStorageName( const string UnitaryStorageName_in="CheMPS2_CASSCF.h5" )
void CheMPS2::DMRGSCFoptions::setStateAveraging( const bool StateAveraging_in=true )
void CheMPS2::DMRGSCFoptions::setWhichActiveSpace( const int WhichActiveSpace_in=0 )
void CheMPS2::DMRGSCFoptions::setDumpCorrelations( const bool DumpCorrelations_in=false )
void CheMPS2::DMRGSCFoptions::setStartLocRandom( const bool StartLocRandom_in=false )

• The variable DoDIIS_in allows to switch on the DIIS acceleration for DMRG-SCF calculations.

• If DoDIIS_in==true, the DIIS acceleration starts when the update norm $$\|\vec{x}\|_2$$ is smaller than DIISGradientBranch_in.

• The variable NumDIISVecs_in allows to set the size of the DIIS list.

• The variable StoreDIIS_in allows to switch off storing the DIIS checkpoint file to disk.

• The variable DIISStorageName_in contains the filename of the DIIS checkpoint.

• The variable MaxIterations_in contains the maximum number of DMRG-SCF iterations to be performed.

• The variable GradientThreshold_in specifies the convergence threshold for the norm of the orbital rotation gradient $$\|\vec{g}\|_2$$.

• The variable StoreUnitary_in allows to switch off storing the orbital rotation checkpoint file to disk.

• The variable UnitaryStorageName_in contains the filename of the orbital rotation checkpoint.

• The variable StateAveraging_in allows to switch off state-averaged DMRG-SCF calculations (to perform state-specific DMRG-SCF calculations).

• The variable WhichActiveSpace_in allows to switch between active space orbital choices (please remember the remark in the section Orbital choice and ordering):
• input orbitals (0) : No orbital rotations in addition to the occupied-active, active-virtual, and occupied-virtual rotations are performed.
• natural orbitals (1) : After each DMRG calculation, and before the calculation of the gradient and Hessian for occupied-active, active-virtual, and occupied-virtual rotations, the active space orbitals are rotated to natural orbitals. This options allows to perform an initial approximate large active space DMRG calculation, from which a smaller active space can subsequently be selected based on the natural orbital occupation numbers.
• localized (Edmiston-Ruedenberg) and ordered (Fiedler vector of the exchange matrix) orbitals (2) : Per irrep, the orbitals are localized with an augmented Hessian Newton-Raphson optimization of the Edmiston-Ruedenberg cost function. The orbitals are ordered per irrep based on the Fiedler vector of the exchange matrix. Orbitals belonging to different irreps are not mingled in the process.
• ordered orbitals only (based on the Fiedler vector of the exchange matrix) (3) : The orbitals are ordered based on the Fiedler vector of the exchange matrix. Orbitals belonging to different irreps are mingled in the process.
• The variable DumpCorrelations_in allows to switch on printing the correlation functions defined in the section CheMPS2::DMRG after each DMRG calculation during the DMRG-SCF iterations.

• The variable StartLocRandom_in allows to start the localization of the orbitals (if WhichActiveSpace_in==2) from a random orbital rotation. To study the $$\pi$$-orbitals of polyenes, for example, the matrix elements should be generated in the $$\mathsf{C_s}$$ subgroup of the molecule’s point group in order to be able to localize them. In order to break the symmetry of the R(O)HF orbitals during localization, it is important to start from a random orbital rotation.

## 9.2. CheMPS2::CASSCF¶

Augmented Hessian Newton-Raphson DMRG-SCF calculations can be performed with the CheMPS2::CASSCF class:

CheMPS2::CASSCF::CASSCF( CheMPS2::Hamiltonian * ham_in, int * docc, int * socc, int * nocc, int * ndmrg, int * nvirt, const string tmp_folder )
double CheMPS2::CASSCF::solve( const int Nelectrons, const int TwoS, const int Irrep, ConvergenceScheme * OptScheme, const int rootNum, DMRGSCFoptions * scf_options )


The variables docc, socc, nocc, ndmrg, nvirt are arrays which have as length the number of irreps of the point group of the Hamiltonian (see the section Custom matrix elements). The first two arrays contain the number of doubly and singly occupied orbitals per irrep of the initial R(O)HF calculation. The last three arrays define for each of the irreps the number of occupied, active, and virtual orbitals, respectively.

The augmented Hessian Newton-Raphson DMRG-SCF calculation is started by calling the function solve. The variables Nelectrons, TwoS, and Irrep define the active space symmetry sector. Note that Nelectrons is the total number of electrons, i.e. also the electrons in the doubly occupied core orbitals. TwoS is twice the targeted spin (multiplicity minus one). The numbering convention for the irreps can be found in the section Custom matrix elements. The variable rootNum defines how many states should be calculated during each DMRG calculation: rootNum==1 means ground state only, rootNum==2 means ground state and first excited state, etc. The DMRG instructions are passed in the CheMPS2::ConvergenceScheme object and the DMRG-SCF algorithmic choices in the CheMPS2::DMRGSCFoptions object. After completion, the function solve returns the DMRG-SCF energy.

For DMRG-SCF calculations, the number of reduced virtual basis states should not be decreased in the CheMPS2::ConvergenceScheme object. It is however advised to perform a few sweeps without noise and with very small residual norm tolerance (1e-8 to 1e-10) at the largest value of $$D_{\mathsf{SU(2)}}$$. When you want to extrapolate the energy in the converged active space, it is better to create an orbital rotation checkpoint, and restart the DMRG-SCF calculation for one iteration (MaxIterations_in==1) with a different CheMPS2::ConvergenceScheme.